Who or what is Turkmenbashi? Well, let's see - Turkmenbashi is a Caspian Sea port city, the world's largest rug (three hundred square meters), a 670-lb meteorite, an airport in Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan), a month of the year (formerly known as January), a stadium, an avenue, an estimated 2 to 10 thousand statues, countless portraits.... and a man - Sapamurat Niyazov, "Perpetual President" of Turkmenistan,   also known as Turkmenbashi, "Father of all Turkmen".

Formerly a part of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence in October 1991, thus creating the nation of Turkmenistan. Niyazov, Turkmen Communist party chief for ten years then elected President of the Republic in 1990, became the President of Turkmenistan. In 1992 he was re-elected with 99.5% of the vote. Then, in a 1994 referendum that passed with 99% of the vote his presidency was extended to 2002. President Niyazov was unanimously approved as president for life by the National Assembly on 28 December 1999. They also gave him the title of Turkmenbashi, "Father Of All Turkmen"

In Turkmenistan the cult of personality has been raised to an art form:

• When a meteorite landed in Turkmenistan in '99 Turkmen astrophysicists demanded to name it after Turkmenbashi.
• After a petition by the "workers of the city", the town of Krasnovodsk was renamed Turkmenbashi.
• Turkmenbashi's birthday is a national holiday.
• Turkmenbashi's press secretary attempted to nominate him for the Nobel Peace Prize for his "contribution to world history."
• The newly appointed state railway chief said, "Turkmenbashi and the Motherland are indivisible for us. When our president put his highest confidence in me, appointing me to head the railways, I couldn't hold back the words: Allah is in heaven, but it's only you here on Earth."
• The Academy of Science of Turkmenistan bestowed a doctorate of political and economic science on Turkmenbashi for his work on "conceptualising the state's independence."
• The parliament awarded Turkmenbashi his third 'Hero of Turkmenistan' in 1998 for "leading in the politics of neutrality, the successful social and economic development of Turkmenistan, and his personal contribution to the fulfilling of the Grain program." (1998 was the first year since independence that the targets for grain collection were met...)
• Turkmenbashi's statues and portraits are everywhere.
• The drive into the capital Ashkhabad from Turkmenbashi airport goes along Turkmenbashi Avenue, and passes by Turkmenbashi Stadium.
• The oath of the Republic of Turkmenistan is "Turkmenistan, my beloved motherland, my beloved homeland. You are always with me in my thoughts and my heart. For the slightest evil against you let my hand be lost. For the slightest slander about you let my tongue be lost. at the moment of my betrayal to my motherland, to her sacred banner, to Sapamurat Turkmenbashi, let my breath stop." Daily at the beginning of the school day, children line up to recite the oath and kiss the national flag.
• Turkmenbashi has written a book, the Ruhnama, "to eliminate all shortcomings, to raise the spirit of the Turkmen." It is studied in schools and universities. Teachers are selected and promoted based on their knowledge of its sayings. University lectures are held on "Turkmenbashi's Teachings About Society," Domestic and International Politics of Turkmenbashi,"

The total and utter ridiculousness of this situation makes an observer want to smile. But that is an unfortunate reaction. The buffoonery masks repression and misrule, under which the vast majority of Turkmenistan's citizens live a life of grinding poverty, while the country has vast reserves of natural gas and is the world's tenth largest producer of cotton. While the masses are hungry, Turkmenbashi spends money on grandiose projects (a 10 meter high gold-plated statue of Turkmenbashi atop a 72 meter tall tower surrounded by fountains, ornate palaces, Berzengi - a hotel and business center in the desert outside Ashkhabad that has 22 empty 5-star hotels built completely from imported materials), jails any opposition (some in psychiatric wards), has a tame and muzzled press, etc. As there are shortages of staples and hunger increases, Turkmenbashi has said, "Anyone who complains about going without sausage or bread for a day is not a Turkmen."
Turkmenbashi has said that he will move Turkmenistan towards democracy, but slowly. "Our society is not yet mature enough for a civilized multiparty system. there are no people psychologically or financially prepared to become owners of big factories." This dictator needs to be toppled, as do his statues, for the Turkmen to have any hope of progress.

© SNi 09/06/02